EPA Assessment Area – Royal Park Assessment Area Stage EPA | July 2024
Appendix R PFAS FINGERPRINTING extract page 5

The northern area of the Assessment Area is dominated by PFOS and PFHxS and using information presented in Joseph et al., 2022 would appear to be best aligned to a biosolids signature. The signature of PFAS in the southern area is also aligned with biosolids. It is noted that PFAS composition indicative of biosolids may also be similar to other land-maintenance or
improvement treatments such as using recycled water for irrigation, soil conditioners or spreading of mulch.
In the central area, the signature is aligned with wastewater treatment or power generation – the former would seem apparent given that spreading of wastewater biosolids apparently took place across the area, sourced from the former PAWWTP** on Frederick Road.
** Port Adelaide Waste Water Treatment Plant

Environmental Assessment Royal Park Assessment Area Stage 2 2024
Royal Park, South Australia SA EPA 2023-24 [ Refer note page 2]

Groundwater Q1

MW04

5/09/2023: PFOA 0.01μg/L, PFOS 0.54μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.78 ug/l . Sum PFAS 0.85μg/L.

10/04/2024: PFOA 0.011μg/L, PFOS 0.503μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.571μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.616μg/L.

MW05

5/09/2023: PFOS 0.01μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.04μg/L, Sum PFAS 0.04μg/L.

10/04/2024: PFOS 0.012μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.03μg/L, Sum PFAS 0.033μg/L.

MW06

4/09/2023: PFOA 0.00μg/L, PFOS 0.03μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.1μg/L ,Sum PFAS 0.13μg/L

11/04/2024: PFOA 0.008μg/L, PFOS 0.019μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.066μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.188μg/L

MW03

10/04/2024: PFHxS+PFOS 0.003μg/L, Sum PFAS 0.034μg/L

MW08

11/04/2024: PFOA 0.005μg/L ,PFOS 0.023μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.085μg/L, Sum PFAS 0.092μg/L

MW12

11/04/2024: PFOA 0.005μg/L, PFOS 0.01μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.014μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.03μg/L

MW11

11/04/2024: PFOA 0.014μg/L, PFOS 0.042μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.048μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.08μg/L

MW10

11/04/2024: PFOS 0.007μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.013μg/L, Sum PFAS 0.065μg/L

MW09

11/04/2024: PFOS 0.003μg/L, PFHxS+PFOSμg/L, Sum PFAS 0.032μg/L

MW07

4/09/2023: PFOAμg/L, PFOS 0.26μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.33μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.36μg/L

11/04/2024: PFOA 0.02μg/L, PFOS 0.166μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.202μg/L, Sum
PFAS 0.240μg/L

MW01

4/09/2023: PFOA 0.06μg/L, PFOS 0.09μg/L, PFHxS+PFOSμg/L, Sum
PFAS 0.23μg/L

10/04/2024: PFOA 0.058μg/L, PFOS 0.08μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.125μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.264μg/L

MW02

4/09/2023: PFOA 0.01μg/L, PFOS 0.03μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.05μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.06μg/L

10/04/2024: PFOA 0.012μg/L, PFOS 0.044μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.066μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.129μg/L

Groundwater Q2

MW07

21/05/2024: PFOS 0.0007μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.0013μg/L, Sum PFAS
0.0186μg/L

MW01

21/05/2024: Sum PFAS 0.0050μg/L

MW04

21/05/2024: PFOS 0.0004μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.0015μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.0105μg/L

Groundwater Q3

MW04

21/05/2024: PFOS 0.0007μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.0007μg/L, Sum PFAS
0.0111μg/L

Soil Analytical Results Table 2 pages 41-44

MW03 29/10/2023 depth 0 m Sum PFAS 1.8 ug/kg
MW04 24/08/2023 0 m Sum PFAS 2.2ug/kg
MW05 24/08/2023 0m Sum PFAS 0.4 ug/kg
MW07 23/08/2023 0 m Sum PFAS 6.5ug/kg
MW02 23/08/2023 0.25 m Sum PFAS 0.05 ug/kg
MW04 24/08/2023 2.5 m Sum PFAS 0.1 ug/kg
MW04 24/08/2023 3.5 m Sum PFAS 0.07 ug/kg

2024: Royal Park (South Australia). Past biosolids use leading to groundwater pollution

EPA Assessment Area – Royal Park Assessment Area Stage EPA | July 2024
Appendix R PFAS FINGERPRINTING extract page 5


The northern area of the Assessment Area is dominated by PFOS and PFHxS and using information presented in Joseph et al., 2022 would appear to be best aligned to a biosolids signature. The signature of PFAS in the southern area is also aligned with biosolids. It is noted that PFAS composition indicative of biosolids may also be similar to other land-maintenance or
improvement treatments such as using recycled water for irrigation, soil conditioners or spreading of mulch.
In the central area, the signature is aligned with wastewater treatment or power generation – the former would seem apparent given that spreading of wastewater biosolids apparently took place across the area, sourced from the former PAWWTP** on Frederick Road.
** Port Adelaide Waste Water Treatment Plant

Environmental Assessment Royal Park Assessment Area Stage 2 2024
Royal Park, South Australia SA EPA 2023-24 [ Refer note page 2]

Groundwater Q1

MW04

5/09/2023: PFOA 0.01μg/L, PFOS 0.54μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.78 ug/l . Sum PFAS 0.85μg/L.


10/04/2024: PFOA 0.011μg/L, PFOS 0.503μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.571μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.616μg/L.


MW05

5/09/2023: PFOS 0.01μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.04μg/L, Sum PFAS 0.04μg/L.

10/04/2024: PFOS 0.012μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.03μg/L, Sum PFAS 0.033μg/L.


MW06

4/09/2023: PFOA 0.00μg/L, PFOS 0.03μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.1μg/L ,Sum PFAS 0.13μg/L

11/04/2024: PFOA 0.008μg/L, PFOS 0.019μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.066μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.188μg/L

MW03

10/04/2024: PFHxS+PFOS 0.003μg/L, Sum PFAS 0.034μg/L

MW08

11/04/2024: PFOA 0.005μg/L ,PFOS 0.023μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.085μg/L, Sum PFAS 0.092μg/L

MW12

11/04/2024: PFOA 0.005μg/L, PFOS 0.01μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.014μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.03μg/L

MW11

11/04/2024: PFOA 0.014μg/L, PFOS 0.042μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.048μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.08μg/L

MW10

11/04/2024: PFOS 0.007μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.013μg/L, Sum PFAS 0.065μg/L

MW09

11/04/2024: PFOS 0.003μg/L, PFHxS+PFOSμg/L, Sum PFAS 0.032μg/L

MW07

4/09/2023: PFOAμg/L, PFOS 0.26μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.33μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.36μg/L


11/04/2024: PFOA 0.02μg/L, PFOS 0.166μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.202μg/L, Sum
PFAS 0.240μg/L


MW01

4/09/2023: PFOA 0.06μg/L, PFOS 0.09μg/L, PFHxS+PFOSμg/L, Sum
PFAS 0.23μg/L


10/04/2024: PFOA 0.058μg/L, PFOS 0.08μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.125μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.264μg/L


MW02

4/09/2023: PFOA 0.01μg/L, PFOS 0.03μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.05μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.06μg/L


10/04/2024: PFOA 0.012μg/L, PFOS 0.044μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.066μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.129μg/L


Groundwater Q2


MW07

21/05/2024: PFOS 0.0007μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.0013μg/L, Sum PFAS
0.0186μg/L


MW01

21/05/2024: Sum PFAS 0.0050μg/L

MW04

21/05/2024: PFOS 0.0004μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.0015μg/L,
Sum PFAS 0.0105μg/L

Groundwater Q3

MW04

21/05/2024: PFOS 0.0007μg/L, PFHxS+PFOS 0.0007μg/L, Sum PFAS
0.0111μg/L

Soil Analytical Results Table 2 pages 41-44


MW03 29/10/2023 depth 0 m Sum PFAS 1.8 ug/kg
MW04 24/08/2023 0 m Sum PFAS 2.2ug/kg
MW05 24/08/2023 0m Sum PFAS 0.4 ug/kg
MW07 23/08/2023 0 m Sum PFAS 6.5ug/kg
MW02 23/08/2023 0.25 m Sum PFAS 0.05 ug/kg
MW04 24/08/2023 2.5 m Sum PFAS 0.1 ug/kg
MW04 24/08/2023 3.5 m Sum PFAS 0.07 ug/kg