2019: Little Carine Swamp (Western Australia) approx location S07
April 2019: 7 different PFAS chemicals detected. PFOS detected at 6.5 times higher than the 99% default ecological guideline.
October 2019: 7 different PFAS chemicals detected. PFOS detected at 10.9 times higher than the 99% default ecological guideline.
For further information see: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Perth metropolitan area
Ambient concentrations in surface water and groundwater
November 2022
99% PFOS default ecological guideline 0.00023ug/L